Efecto sobre la saciedad y glucemia postprandial de un yogur hiperproteico vs otro normoproteico en mujeres adultas / Effect on post-prandial saciety and glucemia of a hyperproteic vs another normoproteic yogurt in adult women

Introducción: las proteínas presentes en los alimentos juegan un rol saciógeno y pueden actuar sobre la respuesta insulínica y la glucemia plasmática postprandial. Objetivos: evaluar saciedad y glucemia postprandial luego del consumo de yogur hiperproteico vs normoproteico en mujeres adultas aparentemente sanas, residentes de la Ciudad Autóno-ma Buenos Aires y el Gran Buenos Aires. Materiales y métodos: ensayo clínico cruzado simple ciego, sobre una muestra de 79 mujeres adultas (25-65 años), no diabéticas ni intolerantes a la glucosa. Se comparó saciedad, impacto glucémico y agradabilidad de dos yogures ofrecidos como merienda, con diferente aporte proteico, controlados en grasas y carbohidratos, con relación proteínas/carbohidratos: 0,56 en yogur hiperproteico y 0,33 en normoproteico. Se va-loró estado nutricional mediante índice de masa corporal (bajo peso <18,5 kg/m2, normopeso: 18,5 a 24,9 kg/m2, sobrepeso u obesidad: ≥25 kg/m2) y riesgo cardiometabólico mediante índice cintura/talla (≥0,50). Estadística mediante software SPSS 22.0, aplicando prueba de Wilcoxon y chi cuadrado o prueba exacta de Fisher, con nivel de significación estadística <0,05. Resultados: edad promedio: 34,4±11 años. El 65,8% con ade-cuado estado nutricional según IMC y 26,6% con riesgo cardio-metabólico aumentado, ambas variables asociadas en forma di-recta con la edad (p=0,0000 y p=0,001 respectivamente).El yogur hiperproteico fue más aceptado (p=0,03) con mejor res-puesta sobre saciedad post ingesta que el yogur normoproteico, a la hora y a las dos horas de ingerido (p=0,001 y p=0,000 res-pectivamente). A su vez, impactó significativamente más sobre la respuesta glucémica postprandial sólo a los 30 minutos de consu-mido (p=0,02), pero no a los 60 minutos (p=0,59). Conclusiones: el yogur hiperproteico alcanzó mayor agra-dabilidad y otorgó, a igual porción estándar, mayor saciedad postprandial que un yogur similar normoproteico, sin afectar la glucemia postprandial.

Silencing of augmenter of liver regeneration inhibited cell proliferation and triggered apoptosis in U266 human multiple myeloma cells

Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is a thermostable cytokine that was originally identified to promote the growth of hepatocytes. This study was conducted to explore the expression and function of ALR in multiple myeloma (MM), a common hematologic malignancy. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis were performed to detect the expression of ALR in U266 human MM cells and healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). U266 MM cells were exposed to 20 or 40 μg/mL of recombinant ALR and tested for cell proliferation. Small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of ALR was done to investigate the role of ALR in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cytokine production. Compared to PBMCs, U266 MM cells exhibited significantly higher levels of ALR at both the mRNA and protein levels. The addition of recombinant ALR protein significantly promoted the proliferation of U266 cells. In contrast, knockdown of ALR led to a significant decline in the viability and proliferation of U266 cells. Annexin-V/PI staining analysis demonstrated that ALR downregulation increased apoptosis in U266 MM cells, compared to control cells (20.1±1.1 vs 9.1±0.3%, P<0.05). Moreover, ALR depletion reduced the Bcl-2 mRNA level by 40% and raised the Bax mRNA level by 2-fold. Additionally, conditioned medium from ALR-depleted U266 cells had significantly lower concentrations of interleukin-6 than control cells (P<0.05). Taken together, ALR contributed to the proliferation and survival of U266 MM cells, and targeting ALR may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of MM.

Mest Attenuates CCl4-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats by Inhibiting the Wnt/beta-Catenin Signaling Pathway

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway has been reported to play an important role in liver fibrosis. This study was designed to investigate whether mesoderm-specific transcript homologue (Mest), a strong negative regulator of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, could inhibit liver fibrosis. METHODS: pcDNA-Mest was transfected into hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal group (normal saline), treatment group (pcDNA-Mest+CCl4), control group (pcDNA-neo+CCl4), and model group (normal saline+CCl4). Changes in liver pathology were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. The levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, lactic dehygrogenase, hyaluronic acid, and laminin in the serum and hydroxyproline in the liver were detected by biochemical examination and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The expression and distribution of beta-catenin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), Smad3, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase type I were determined, and the viability of the HSCs was tested. RESULTS: Our data demonstrate that Mest alleviated CCl4-induced collagen deposition in liver tissue and improved the condition of the liver in rats. Mest also significantly reduced the expression and distribution of beta-catenin, alpha-SMA and Smad3 both in vivo and in vitro, in addition to the viability of HSCs in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: We found that Mest attenuates liver fibrosis by repressing beta-catenin expression, which provides a new therapeutic approach for treating liver fibrosis.

Falha da transferência de imunidade passiva em cordeiros mestiços (Santa Inês x Dorper) e estudo do proteinograma do nascimento até o desmame / Failure of passive immunity transfer in crossbred lambs (Santa Inês x Dorper) and proteinogram study from birth until waned

Analisou-se a ocorrência da Falha de Transferência da Imunidade Passiva (FTIP) em 45 cordeiros nascidos de ovelhas saudáveis e pluríparas. Estes animais foram acompanhados do nascimento até o desmame (90 dias), por meio de avaliações físicas, do hemograma, determinação de proteínas séricas totais e seu fracionamento eletroforético entre 24-72h pós-nascimento (p.n.), aos 7, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias de idade (quando era realizada a desmama). Adotando-se o ponto de corte para proteínas séricas totais da ordem de 4,5g/dL, obteve-se a ocorrência de FTIP de 24,4% (11 animais). Os cordeiros com FTIP apresentaram menores valores (p<0,05) de proteínas séricas, albumina, alfaglobulina, betaglobulina 1 e gamaglobulinas entre 24-72h p.n. quando comparados aos dos 34 animais que não tiveram FTIP. Porém, a partir dos sete dias de vida não foram observadas diferenças significativas destas variáveis entre os grupos, o que indica um processo de produção ativa de proteínas pelo grupo com FTIP.

It was analyzed the occurrence of the failure of passive transfer (FTIP) of the immunity 45 born lambs of healthy and pluriparous ewes. These animals were accompanied from the birth to the wean (90 days), when clinical evaluations were accomplished, hemogram, determination of total serum proteins and their electrophoretic fractions, 24-72h after the birth, to the 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days of age (at the same time of the wean). Adopting the cut point for total serumproteins of the order of 4.5g/dL, it was obtained the occurrence of FTIP of 24.4% (11 animals). The lambs with FTIP presented lowers values (p<0.05) of serum proteins, albumin, alpha-globulin, beta-globulin 1 and gamma globulins when compared to the 34 animals that have no FTIP. However, from 7th days of life it was not observed significant differences of these variables between groups, indicating the occurrence of a process of active production of proteins by group FTIP.

Caracterização bioquímica e funcional de PAS-1, proteína imunossupressora de Ascaris suum / Biochemical and functional characterization of PAS-1, the immunossupressive protein from Ascaris suum

Os efeitos de infecções parasitárias na responsividade do sistema imune do hospedeiro têm sido amplamente estudados. Muitos destes resultados sugerem que esta imunomodulação possa ser um dos mecanismos utilizados para promover a sobrevivência do parasita. Neste sentido, as infecções crônicas gastrointestinais por nematóides são particularmente intrigantes, pois os mecanismos que os parasitas utilizam para se evadir da imunidade do hospedeiro são eficazes e de natureza diversa. Com relação ao Ascaris suum, apesar de produzir proteínas que são potentes alérgenos, tanto a infecção experimental como extratos de vermes adultos suprimem substancialmente a resposta imune do hospedeiro. Em nosso laboratório isolamos uma proteína denominada PAS-1(Proteína Ascaris suum), presente no extrato bruto de vermes adultos de Ascaris suum, que possui uma intensa atividade supressora sobre a resposta imune humoral e celular. Assim, esta proteína PAS-1 e o anticorpo monoclonal contra ela dirigido (MAIP-1) são ferramentas importantes para os estudos sobre a imunomodulação induzida por Ascaris suum. Neste trabalho investigamos a presença de PAS-1 no sobrenadante de cultura de ovos embrionados e no fluído pseudocelomático de vermes adultos, e comprovamos que PAS-1 é uma proteína secretada e excretada por larvas em diferentes estágios precoce do ciclo vital do parasita e também por vermes adultos. Nossos resultados demonstram que a proteína PAS-1 possui aproximadamente 200 KDa, com N-terminal His-His-Phe-Thr-Leu-Glu-Ser-Ser-Leu-Asp-Thr, caracterizando uma homologia com uma proteína de Ascaris lumbricóides (ABA-1). Por outro lado, PAS-1 suprime intensamente a resposta inflamatória aguda induzida por LPS, inibindo a produção de citocinas pro-inflamatórias e estimulando a secreção de IL-10. Além disso, a atividade anti-inflamatória de PAS-1 foi totalmente revertida pelo...

Necessidades de proteínas para a população idosa: revisão / Protein requirements for the elderly population: review

The aging of a human being is a natural biological process rather thana pathologic one, characterized by a series of morpho-physiologicalbiochemical and psychological changes that take place throughout the liveof human beings. The in? uence of the aging process on the nutritionarequirements is the object of many studies that were carried out in order tdetermine the adequate intake of nutrients to meet the requirements of thhealthy elderly population. Elderly people should intake proteins in suf? cienquantity to reduce the loss of muscle mass related to aging. However, thhigh intake of this nutrient might represent some undesirable effects tthe health of elderly people, due to kidney and liver problems. This papereviews some articles on protein requirements for the elderly and dietarstudies in the elderly population related to protein intake, using the PubMedDatabase, in a search period between 1978 and 2003. The keywords usedwere: amino acids, protein recommendation, metabolism, elderly.

El envejecimiento del ser humano es un proceso biológico natural y no patológico caracterizado por una serie de alteraciones morfofisiológicas, bioquímicas y psíquicas que acontecen en el organismo a lo largo de toda la vida. La influencia del proceso de envejecimiento sobre las necesidades nutricionales es objeto de numerosos estudios conducidos para establecer la ingestión adecuada de nutrientes para una población anciana saludable. La ingestión de proteínas en el adulto mayor debe suplir la pérdida muscular relacionada con la edad, sin embargo su consumo en exceso puede provocar problemas renales y alteraciones hepáticas que son indeseables. Este artículo revisa algunos trabajos sobre las necesidades de proteínas para el adulto mayor utilizando la Base de Dados PubMed, en el período de 1978 a 2003. Las palabras clave utilizadas para La búsqueda fueron: aminoácidos, necesidades proteicas, metabolismo, adulto mayor.

O envelhecimento do ser humano é um processo biológico natural, e não patológico caracterizado por uma série de alterações morfofisiológicas, bioquímicas e psicológicas que ocorrem no organismo ao longo da vida. A influência do processo de envelhecimento sobre as necessidades de nutrientes é objeto de numerosos estudos que têm sido conduzidos para estabelecer a ingestão adequada de nutrientes para suprir as necessidades da população idosa saudável. A ingestão de proteínas do idoso deve ser na quantidade suficiente para diminuir a perda muscular relacionada com a idade, entretanto, o consumo elevado deste nutriente também pode apresentar efeitos indesejáveis à saúde dos idosos, devido a problemas renais e alterações hepáticas. Este artigo revisa alguns trabalhos sobre recomendações de proteínas para idosos e estudos dietéticos, em relação à ingestão de proteínas neste grupo etário, utilizando a Base de Dados PubMed, no período de pesquisa compreendido entre 1978 e 2008. Os unitermos utilizados na pesquisa foram: aminoácidos, recomendações de proteína, metabolismo, idoso.

Insulin 3-like hormone and its role in epididymo-testicular descent

PURPOSE: The role of insulin 3-like (Insl3) hormone signaling in the testicular descent process has been demonstrated. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate epididymal development in Insl3-deficient mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Heterozygous and homozygous Insl3 mutants of a mixed CD1 X 129/Sv genetic background were generated by breeding Insl3-/- females with Insl3+/- males, and their genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction. On the first postnatal day, newborn males were sacrificed, embedded in paraffin, and cut in 4 µm sections. Sections were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and immunoreacted with anti-± actin antibody. RESULTS: An analysis of stained sections indicated an arrest in the development of the epididymis in all homozygous mice. The cauda and corpus of the epididymis were undersized. Compared to the heterozygous epididymis, the homozygous epididymis had fewer peritubular layers and dwarfish musculature. We confirmed this with immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies against ± -smooth muscle actin. CONCLUSION: Defective development of the smooth musculature in the epididymis of Insl3 homozygous mutant mice, combined with its high intraabdominal undescended position, supports previous observations regarding the importance of intact epididymis morphology and function for descent of the epididymo-testicular unit.

Plasmodemos: estructura y funcion / Plasmodesmata: Structure and Function

Los plasmodesmos son canales que atraviesan la membrana y la pared celular. Estos canales especializados y no pasivos, actúan como compuertas que facilitan y regulan la comunicación y el transporte de sustancias como agua, nutrientes, metabolitos y macromoléculas entre las células vegetales. En los últimos años, una nueva visión sobre estos canales ha surgido y, estudios han demostrado que los plasmodesmos son más complejos de lo que anteriormente se pensaba. En esta nota, se pretende exponer el conocimiento actual sobre dichas estructuras, enfocándonos en su estructura y función.

Morphogenetic protein rhBMP-2 and new bone formation / Proteína Morfogenética rhBMP-2 y Tejido Ósteoneoformado

Esta revisión de la literatura tiene como objetvo mostrar las principales características morfogenéticas, de la proteína rhBMP-2, de mayor prpiedad osteoinductiva, estudiados desde su descubrimiento hasta la actualidad, señalando las diferentes utilizaciones y aplicaciones de esta proteína.

This work aim to show by literature review the principal characteristics of morphogenetic proteins, in special of the rhBMP-2, with the major osteoinductive properties, presented in the prime works count from it discovery until actually, showing the most varieties and applications of this protein.

PDB-Metrics: a web tool for exploring the PDB contents

PDB-Metrics (http://sms.cbi.cnptia.embrapa.br/SMS/pdb_metrics/index.html) is a component of the Diamond STING suite of programs for the analysis of protein sequence, structure and function. It summarizes the characteristics of the collection of protein structure descriptions deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and provides a Web interface to search and browse the PDB, using a variety of alternative criteria. PDB-Metrics is a powerful tool for bioinformaticians to examine the data span in the PDB from several perspectives. Although other Web sites offer some similar resources to explore the PDB contents, PDB-Metrics is among those with the most complete set of such facilities, integrated into a single Web site. This program has been developed using SQLite, a C library that provides all the query facilities of a database management system

Roles of nibrin and ATM/ATR kinases on the G2 checkpoint under endogenous or radio-induced DNA damage

Checkpoint response to DNA damage involves the activation of DNA repair and G2 lengthening subpathways. The roles of nibrin (NBS1) and the ATM/ATR kinases in the G2 DNA damage checkpoint, evoked by endogenous and radio-induced DNA damage, were analyzed in control, A-T and NBS lymphoblast cell lines. Short-term responses to G2 treatments were evaluated by recording changes in the yield of chromosomal aberrations in the ensuing mitosis, due to G2 checkpoint adaptation, and also in the duration of G2 itself. The role of ATM/ATR in the G2 checkpoint pathway repairing chromosomal aberrations was unveiled by caffeine inhibition of both kinases in G2. In the control cell lines, nibrin and ATM cooperated to provide optimum G2 repair for endogenous DNA damage. In the A-T cells, ATR kinase substituted successfully for ATM, even though no G2 lengthening occurred. X-ray irradiation (0.4 Gy) in G2 increased chromosomal aberrations and lengthened G2, in both mutant and control cells. However, the repair of radio-induced DNA damage took place only in the controls. It was associated with nibrin-ATM interaction, and ATR did not substitute for ATM. The absence of nibrin prevented the repair of both endogenous and radio-induced DNA damage in the NBS cells and partially affected the induction of G2 lengthening.

Metabolic syndrome X is common in Indians: but, why and how?

Metabolic syndrome X is common in Indians. But the exact cause for this is not clear. Earlier, I proposed that this could be due to low activities of delta6 and delta5 desaturases and consequent decreased plasma and tissue concentrations of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of omega-6 and omega-3 series since perinatal period. This implies that perinatal to adult life supplementation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids could prevent, arrest or postpone the development of metabolic syndrome X and its complications.

Hormônios tireóideos, UCPs e termogênese / Thyroid hormones, UCPs and termogenesis

Calor é um subproduto da transformação de energia, em suas diversas formas, durante a síntese e a utilização do ATP. Nos animais homeotérmicos, o calor derivado das funções biológicas - estando o organismo em repouso e à temperatura ambiente - é utilizado para manter o organismo próximo a 37ºC. Essa termogênese obrigatória está associada à ineficiência termodinâmica intrínseca mitocondrial, derivada da presença de proteínas desacopladoras (UCPs, uncoupling proteins). Durante a exposição ao frio, o organismo é capaz de gerar mais calor através da termogênese facultativa, por processos que também envolvem UCPs. Os hormônios tireóideos influenciam diretamente a expressão da UCP-1 e, indiretamente, a expressão das UCP-2 e UCP-3. Além disso, também aceleram o turnover de várias reações ou vias metabólicas cíclicas que levam a maior gasto de ATP e produção de calor.

Mammalian histone acetyltransferase complexes

Over the last decade, great progress has been made in elucidating how the human genome operates in the chromatin context. This paper describes our work on two human acetyltransferases, PCAF and TIP60, and their interaction partners. This study provides new clues on the function of these enzymes. In a striking parallel with the general transcription factor TFIID, PCAF complex contains proteins that have histone-like domains. We speculate that these subunits can presumably form a nucleosome-like structure on DNA, which would allow PCAF to contribute to the maintenance of an active state of chromatin. On the other hand, TIP60 complex contains two eukaryotic homologs of bacterial RuvB helicase/ATPse, involved in recombination and repair. Accordingly, expression of a dominant negative mutant of TIP60 in living cells interferes with their ability to repair DNA damage, which points out, for the first time, a role for a histone acetyltransferase in a process other than transcription. We also have evidence implicating TIP60 in the apoptotic response to DNA damage.

Role of bone marrow and thymus secretory protein in maintaining immune homeostasis and haemopoiesis in control and malnourished mice.

Injection of Salmonella typhi 'H' antigen was observed to produce a differential effect on bone marrow and thymus secretory profile depending upon the nutritional status of the host. The paracrine effect of Thy F1 (thymus fraction 1) was more significant (P < 0.01) than the autocrine effect of BIM (Bone marrow immunomodulator) in malnourished mice. BIM moreover, also had a paracrine effect on thymus irrespective of the nutritional status of the host. An improvement in neutrophil population (P < 0.01) and phagocytic myeloperoxidase activity (P < 0.01) was observed in BIM treated malnourished immuno-suppressed mice, whereas no appreciable change was observed by Thy F1. However, Thy F1 irrespective of the nutritional status of the host improved large lymphocyte population in circulation (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that both bone marrow and thymus play a major role in haemopoietic microenvironment of BDF (basal diet fed) control and malnourished mice.

Pivotal role of leptin in insulin effects

The OB protein, also known as leptin, is secreted by adipose tissue, circulates in the blood, probably bound to a family of binding proteins, and acts on central neural networks regulating ingestive behavior and energy balance. The two forms of leptin receptors (long and short forms) have been identified in various peripheral tissues, a fact that makes them possible target sites for a direct action of leptin. It has been shown that the OB protein interferes with insulin secretion from pancreatic islets, reduces insulin-stimulated glucose transport in adipocytes, and increases glucose transport, glycogen synthesis and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. Under normoglycemic and normoinsulinemic conditions, leptin seems to shift the flux of metabolites from adipose tissue to skeletal muscle. This may function as a peripheral mechanism that helps control body weight and prevents obesity. Data that substantiate this hypothesis are presented in this review

An update on the discovery, pathophysiological actions, clinical manifestations and possible physiology of parathyroid related peptide

PTHrP has had an unidentified role in medicine since 1930, when Albright described a patient with renal cortical cell carcinoma with hypercalcemia. Since then hypercalcemia has been recognized as the most common paraneoplastic syndrome. At that time the concept of ®ectopic PTH syndrome® was introduced, and remained in literature until the true etiology was finally described. In the early 1970's Roof and Benson presented evidence that PTH in humoral hypercalcemia differed from ®authentic® PTH. This marked the starting point for researchers to try identifying the molecule that mimicked PTH action and structure. This molecule, named parathyroid-related peptide, has been associated to hypercalcemia seen with solid tumors, such as squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and renal cortical cell carcinoma. PTHrP has been demonstrated to have similar actions to PTH but to differ in decreasing osteoblastic activity while increasing osteoclastic activity. The more fascinating finding was the presence of the PTHrP genes throughout the body, mostly the lactating breast as well as the heart, lungs and skin among others. Despite its identification, finding its physiological roles on normal tissue still remains to be clarified

Molecular genetic approach to cell proliferation control and neoplasia

A number of gene products involved in the control of cell proliferation fall into one of two classes: oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. The same gene products have also been associated with malignant growth (tumors) caused by radiation, chemicals and tumor viruses. Here we describe our attempts to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying polyomavirus-induced cell transformation and the anti-tumor activity of glucocorticoid hormones. Wild type and mutant polyomavirus middle T (MT) overexpressing cell lines, generated with retroviral vector constructs, were used to investigate the role played by peptide growth factor primary response genes (fos, jun, myc, JE, KC) in viral transformation and to map the transduction pathway of the mitogenic signal of MT. Overexpression of MT leads to increased AP-1 (Fos/Jun) transcriptional complex activity. Transformation defective mutant analysis allowed the identification of sites in the MT molecule that are crucial for this activity. Two different approaches were used to investigate the molecular basis for glucocorticoids anti-tumor activity, namely: blind cloning of cDNAs and analysis of growth control genes in C6 glioma cell variants that are either hypersensitive (C6/ST1) or unresponsive to glucocorticoids (C6/P7). Four different glucocorticoid-regulated cDNA sequences were isolated using differential hybridization. A number of differentially expressed sequences were isolated from glucocorticoid-treated C6/ST1 cells by differential display (DDRT-PCR) and are currently being characterized. Expression of known growth control genes in C6/ST1 cells allowed the identification of important candidates for glucocorticoid hormone targets.

Monounsaturated fatty acid (avocado) rich diet for mild hypercholesterolemia

To assess the effect of a high monoinsaturated fatty acids (MFA) diet on serum lipids, 30 healthy adultt normolipidemic volunteers and 37 adult patients with mild hypercholesterolemia (5.4 - 9.3 mmol/l), 15 of them also with hypertriglyceridemia (2.3 - 4.8 mmol/l), were studied. Fifteen healthy and 30 hypercholesterolemic subjects (15 of them with associated type 2 diabetes mellitus) received an avocado enriched diet (2000 Kcal, lipids 53 percent MFA 49 g saturated/unsaturated ratio 0.54), and seven non-diabetic hypercholesterolemic individuals received an isocaloric control diet (MFA 34 g, saturated/unsaturated ratio 0.7). Serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were measured before and after a 7-day diet period. In healthy individuals a 16 percent decrease of serum total cholesterol level followed the high MFA diet, while it rose after the control diet (p<0.001 between diets). In hypercholesterolemic subjects a significant (p<0.01) decrease of serum total cholesterol (17 percent), LDL-cholesterol (22 percent) and triglycerides (22 percent), and increase of HDL-cholesterol (11 percent) levels occurred with the avocado diet, while no significant changes were noticed with the control diet. High lipid, high MFA-avocado enriched diet can improve lipid profile in healty and especially in mild hypercholesterolemic patients, even if hypertriglyceridemia (combined hyperlipidemia) is present